圆弧状凹陷地形在平面SH波入射下的动力响应：高频解答   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨彩红 《震灾防御技术》2009,4(2):158-166

利用波函数的Fourier-Bessel级数展开法和外域型Graf加法公式,推导了圆弧状凹陷地形对平面SH波二维散射问题的解析解。与现有其他解析解不同的是,该解析解的获得无须求解线性方程组,从而避免了高频波入射下方程组系数矩阵可能出现的病态问题。因此,既使在入射波频率很高的情况下,该解析解也能够收敛。利用该解,在一个非常宽的频带范围内讨论了凹陷地形的几何形状对地面运动的影响。  相似文献   

Pre-eruptive Conditions of the Huerto Andesite (Fish Canyon System, San Juan Volcanic Field, Colorado): Influence of Volatiles (C-O-H-S) on Phase Equilibria and Mineral Composition   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Parat  Fleurice; Holtz  FranCois; Feig  Sandrin 《Journal of Petrology》2008,49(5):911-935

Crystallization experiments at 400 MPa, oxidized condition (logfO₂= NNO + 1, where NNO is nickel–nickel oxide buffer) andover a range of temperatures (850–950°C) and fluidcomposition (XH₂O_in = 0·3–1) have been carriedout to constrain the storage conditions of the sulphur-richmagma of the Huerto Andesite (an anhydrite, pyrrhotite, andS-rich apatite-bearing, post-Fish Canyon Tuff mafic lava). Theresults are used to evaluate the role of fluids released fromthe crystallization of magmas such as the Huerto Andesite onthe remobilization of the largely crystallized dacitic FishCanyon magma body. Experiments were performed using the naturalandesitic bulk composition with and without added sulphur. Thepresence of sulphur slightly affects the phase equilibria bychanging the phase proportions, stability fields of plagioclase,pyroxenes and ilmenite, and also affects the plagioclase composition.Phase equilibria and mineral composition data indicate thatthe magma may have contained 4·5 wt % water in the meltand that the pre-eruptive temperature was 875 ± 25°C.Assuming that the magma was in equilibrium with a fluid phase,the CO₂ concentration of the melt is estimated to be in therange 2000–4000 ppm (at 400 MPa). Before eruption, theandesite had an oxidation state very close to, or slightly within,the co-stability field of anhydrite–pyrrhotite at NNO+ 1·1. At these conditions, the sulphur content in themelt is 500 ppm. Assuming open-system degassing resulting fromcontinuing crystallization at depth, most of the CO₂ dissolvedin the andesitic melt should be released after the crystallizationof <10 vol. % of the magma, corresponding to a cooling from875 to 825–850°C. Thus, the fluids released owingto crystallization processes should be mainly composed of waterat temperatures below 825°C. KEY WORDS: experimental study; andesite; volatile; Fish Canyon Tuff; Huerto Andesite  相似文献   

Drowned shelf-edge deltas, barrier islands and related features along the outer continental shelf north of the head of De Soto Canyon, NE Gulf of Mexico     

J.V. Gardner  B.R. Calder  J.E. Hughes Clarke  L.A. Mayer  G. Elston  Y. Rzhanov   《Geomorphology》2007,89(3-4):370-390

Four drowned shelf-edge delta complexes, two drowned shelf deltas, three drowned barrier islands, large areas of “hardground”, and fields of bedforms on the mid and outer continental shelf and uppermost slope north of the head of De Soto Canyon, NE Gulf of Mexico were mapped with high-resolution multibeam echosounder. Deltas formed not during the last eustatic low stand, but during one or more interstadials when eustatic sea levels were only 60 to 80 m below present sea level. The barrier islands and deltas must have been cemented prior to rapid falls of eustatic sea level that occurred during global glaciations. Cementation is necessary to have preserved the barrier islands from erosion and subsequent destruction by the rapid sea-level rise during the last deglaciation. The preservation of the relict bathymetry is so good that features that superficially resemble trough blowouts are found in association with one of the relict barrier islands. Asymmetric bedforms on the midshelf in water depths of 50 to 60 m indicate transport directions to the SW but asymmetric bedforms in water depths of the upper slope between 100 and 120 m on the S and SE flanks of the drowned shelf-edge deltas indicate a different current direction, a separate flow that is a continuation of a SW-flowing current that was previously found on the upper slope off NW Florida.  相似文献   

金口大峡谷地貌成因与旅游资源   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

罗成德 《山地学报》2004,22(1):30-35

金口大峡谷位于大渡河下游，主要支谷有8条，皆以嶂谷地貌为特色。与大峡谷相邻的大瓦山(3236m)为我国最高的桌状山。这一区域以喀斯特地貌为主，受新构造运动影响明显，具有丰富的旅游地貌资源。  相似文献   

Paleomagnetism of Middle Proterozoic mafic intrusions and Upper Proterozoic (Nankoweap) red beds from the Lower Grand Canyon Supergroup, Arizona     

Arlo B. Weil  John W. Geissman  Matt Heizler  Rob Van der Voo 《Tectonophysics》2003,375(1-4):199

Paleomagnetic data from lavas and dikes of the Unkar igneous suite (16 sites) and sedimentary rocks of the Nankoweap Formation (7 sites), Grand Canyon Supergroup (GCSG), Arizona, provide two primary paleomagnetic poles for Laurentia for the latest Middle Proterozoic (ca. 1090 Ma) at 32°N, 185°E (dp=6.8°, DM=9.3°) and early Late Proterozoic (ca. 850–900 Ma) at 10°S, 163°E (dp=3.5°, DM=7.0°). A new ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age determination from an Unkar dike gives an interpreted intrusion age of about 1090 Ma, similar to previously reported geochronologic data for the Cardenas Basalts and associated intrusions. The paleomagnetic data show no evidence of any younger, middle Late Proterozoic tectonothermal event such as has been revealed in previous geochronologic studies of the Unkar igneous suite. The pole position for the Unkar Group Cardenas Basalts and related intrusions is in good agreement with other ca. 1100 Ma paleomagnetic poles from the Keweenawan midcontinent rift deposits and other SW Laurentia diabase intrusions. The close agreement in age and position of the Unkar intrusion (UI) pole with poles derived from rift related rocks from elsewhere in Laurentia indicates that mafic magmatism was essentially synchronous and widespread throughout Laurentia at ca. 1100 Ma, suggesting a large-scale continental magmatic event. The pole position for the Nankoweap Formation, which plots south of the Unkar mafic rocks, is consistent with a younger age of deposition, at about 900 to 850 Ma, than had previously been proposed. Consequently, the inferred 200 Ma difference in age between the Cardenas Basalts and overlying Nankoweap Formation provides evidence for a third major unconformity within the Grand Canyon sequence.  相似文献   

A Scheme for Scalar Exchange in the Urban Boundary Layer     

Yan Yang  Yaping Shao 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2006,120(1):111-132

We present a scheme for parameterising scalar transfer in the urban boundary layer, which is divided into an inertial layer and a roughness layer. The latter is further divided into a shear layer and a canyon layer. In the inertial layer, scalar transfer is determined by turbulence related to canyon macroscopic features, while in the roughness layer, it is determined by shear-generated turbulence, canyon vortex and vortex-generated turbulence. We first describe a conceptual model for the canyon flow and the aerodynamic resistance network, and then estimate the resistances from the point of view of drag partition and vortex advection. The results are compared with the measurements from wind-tunnel experiments. It is found that for small canyon aspect ratio, σ_c, the transfer velocity increases with σ_c, reaching a maximum at around σ_c=0.5 and then decreases with σ_c. We also show that the scheme is not sensitive to adjustable parameters  相似文献   

"空中调水"设想的可行性研究     

高登义  蹇咏啸 《高原气象》2007,26(6):1311-1318

"空中调水"设想是改变雅鲁藏布大峡谷及其以北地形来改善向北水汽输送.根据气候资料和新建立的南亚季风指数,选择历史上最强的季风年,通过简便可行的计算方案来讨论这个设想在气象学上的可行性.初步诊断分析表明,在制约印度洋暖湿水汽通过雅鲁藏布大峡谷通道继续向北输送的因素中,地形阻碍固然重要,但与青藏高原地形有关的大尺度环流的辐合作用更为重要;而要改变大尺度环流则比改变局地地形更为困难.从气象学条件来看,即使改变了雅鲁藏布大峡谷及其以北地区的地形,也很难实现"空中调水"的设想.  相似文献   

Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphic study of forearc basin sediments: Lower to Upper Cretaceous Budden Canyon Formation (Great Valley Group), northern California,USA     

ALLAN GIL S. FERNANDO  HIROSHI NISHI  KAZUSHIGE TANABE  KAZUYOSHI MORIYA  YASUHIRO IBA  KAZUTO KODAMA  MICHAEL A. MURPHY  HISATAKE OKADA 《Island Arc》2011,20(3):346-370

The results of a calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphic investigation of the North Fork Cottonwood Creek section of the Budden Canyon Formation (BCF; Hauterivian–Turonian) in northern California are summarized using the Boreal – cosmopolitan Boreal Nannofossil Biostratigraphy (BC) – Upper Cretaceous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy (UC) nannofossil zonal schemes of Bown et al. and Burnett et al. Sixteen intervals, ranging from the BC15 to UC8 zones, were established in the section. Combined biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic studies suggest a Hauterivian to mid‐Turonian age for the studied sequence. The Hauterivian–Barremian, Barremian–Aptian, Aptian–Albian, Albian–Cenomanian, and Cenomanian–Turonian stage boundaries were delineated near the top of the Ogo Member, below the Huling Sandstone Member, within the upper Chickabally Member, in the upper portion of the Bald Hills Member and within the Gas Point Member, respectively. Unconformities probably exist at the base of the Huling Sandstone Member and the upper part of the upper Chickabally Member. The nannofossil assemblage in the North Fork Cottonwood Creek suggests that the study area was under the influence of cold‐water conditions during the Barremian to Lower Aptian interval, shifting to tropical/warm‐water conditions during the Albian to Turonian interval as a result of the mid‐Cretaceous global warming. Although oceanic anoxic events have not yet been reported in the BCF, preliminary total organic carbon, along with nannofossil data, suggest the presence of the global Cenomanian–Turonian boundary oceanic anoxic event 2.  相似文献   

Redescription of the skull of Saurolophus osborni Brown 1912 (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae)     

Phil R. Bell 《Cretaceous Research》2011,32(1):30-44

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雅鲁藏布大峡谷地区蛇绿混杂岩带初步研究   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15       下载免费PDF全文

耿全如  潘桂棠  刘宇平  郑来林 《沉积与特提斯地质》2000,20(1):28-43

雅鲁藏布大峡谷地区主要有南迦巴瓦群（Ｐｔ１ｎｊ）、大拐弯群（Ｍｚ）和冈底斯群（Ｐｔ１ｇｄ）三个岩石地层单元。其中大拐弯群主检分布在楔入体的东缘,主要由变玄武岩／辉绿岩、辉石岩、镁质橄榄岩、石英岩和大理岩等组成,岩石类型和化学成分特征经绿岩套类似。但其岩石化学性质与典型的大洋中脊蛇绿岩判差别较大,形成环境为具有陆壳性质的中等－慢速扩张的小型洋盆,属陆间海／弧后盆地。自４５Ｍａ以来,该地区经历了强烈的  相似文献